insum Latin · revision 18077

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=la sum}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈĩː.sũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈin.sum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īnsum''' (present infinitive inesse, perfect active īnfuī, future active participle īnfutūrus); irregular conjugation, suppletive, no passive, no supine stem except in the future active participle, no gerund^(Wiktionary)

+ The TLL notes that few first- and second-person forms are attested.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|in-|sum|t1=in|t2=to be]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Naevius has ''inerant signa expressa'', “there were figures carved on it”, and Plautus ''ubi inest quidquid volēs'', “in which is whatever you want”, of the horn of plenty.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Inesse'' is “to be in or on” a place or object (Plautus: a gold ring ''inerit'' under the hat), to be written in a document, and of a feeling to show on the face.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) It is to be contained in a number, to be among (Cicero: ''paucī tamen bonī inerant'', “yet there were a few honest men among them”), and of qualities to be present in a person (Cicero: ''inerat … ingenium satis ācre'', “he had a sharp enough mind”).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is also “to be involved in, attached to” (Ennius: ''magna inest certātiō'').^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “to be in or on, belong to”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius: ''inerant signa expressa''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of the horn of plenty.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''inerat … ingenium satis ācre''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be in or on.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To be written in; to show (on the face).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be contained in, be among, form part of.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To be present in, belong to (of qualities).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To be [[m|en|involved]] in, be attached to.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sum]]

+ * [[absum]]

+ * [[adsum]]

+ * [[intersum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}