hasta Latin · revision 18074

+ {{infobox|confidence=disputed|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈhas.ta]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈas.ta]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hasta''' ''f'' (genitive hastae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The spelling ''asta'' is frequent in manuscripts.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*χastā-]] and thinks it probably not of Indo-European origin: with [[mga|gat|t=osier, withe]], [[mga|gass|t=twig, branch]], [[got|𐌲𐌰𐌶𐌳𐍃|tr=gazds|t=sting]], [[goh|gart|t=goad]] and [[non|gaddr|t=goad]], from [[gem-pro|*gazda-]], it points to a borrowed word with a cluster ⟨*-sT-⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) He finds the comparison with [[xum|hostatu]] doubtful, since its meaning is unknown and its ⟨o⟩ does not match Latin ⟨a⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) Others reconstruct [[ine-pro|*ǵʰasto-|t=rod, branch]].^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Ennius has ''hastātī spargunt hastās'', “the spearmen scatter their spears”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Hasta'' is a spear or javelin, chiefly for throwing (Plautus: he chased his mother and father with spears).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) A ''hasta pūra'' or ''dōnātica'' was a headless spear given for valour.^(OLD 2012) A spear set up in the ground marked a public auction, as of goods confiscated by the state (Cicero), and the spear was also the symbol of the centumviral court, which judged cases of property and inheritance.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “spear, pike, javelin”.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval Latin it is also a spit, and a rod as a measure of area.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''hastātī spargunt hastās''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato: ''hastās dōnāticās''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero of an auction ''hastā positā''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|spear]], [[m|en|javelin]], pike.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(hasta pūra)'' A headless spear given as a reward for valour.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A spear set up at a public [[m|en|auction]]; an auction.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The spear of the centumviral court.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A spit; a rod (a measure of area).^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[astella]]

+ * [[hastārius]]

+ * [[hastātus]]

+ * [[hastīle]]

+ * [[hastula]]

+ * [[subhasto]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lancea]]

+ * [[pīlum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}