aestus Latin · revision 18061

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *h₂eydʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈae̯s.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɛs.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''aestus''' ''m'' (genitive aestūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Pacuvius has the genitive ''aestī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*aissu-]], from [[ine-pro|*h₂eidʰ-tu-|t=burning, heat]], beside [[m|la|aestās|t=summer]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Most handbooks take ⟨-st-⟩ as the regular outcome of ⟨*-dʰt-⟩, but de Vaan expects ⟨-ss-⟩ and thinks the suffix ⟨-tu-⟩ was restored.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The root is that of [[m|la|aedēs|t=temple, house]], cognate with [[sga|áed|t=fire]], [[grc|αἴθω|tr=aíthō|t=to burn]] and [[goh|eit|t=funeral pyre]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Naevius,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who has ''sōlis aestū candor cum liquēsceret'', “when the white snow melted in the heat of the sun”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Aestus'' is “heat”, especially of the weather, a hot season, “summer”, and the heat of the body, “fever”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is the blaze of a fire (Virgil: ''furit aestus ad aurās'', “the blaze rages up to the sky”), and the fire of love or rage.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Lucretius uses it for a spray or exhalation rising from water.^(OLD 2012) Another main line is the heaving of the sea, “surge, swell” (Pacuvius: ''fervit aestū pelagus''), and the ebb and flow of the sea, “the tide” (Plautus: the farther you go out to sea, the more the tide carries you back to port), then a current and figuratively a tide of feeling (Cicero: carried off by a tide of glory).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is also commotion, and anxiety, disquiet (Cicero: ''quī tibi aestus … erunt!'').^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “heat, rage, fire, wavering”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius: ''sōlis aestū''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of the tide.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius: ''fervit aestū pelagus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil: ''furit aestus ad aurās''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|heat]]; hot weather, summer.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Bodily heat, [[m|en|fever]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A blaze, fire.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Passion, love; rage.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # The surge or swell of the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|tide]]; a current.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Commotion; anxiety, [[m|en|hesitation]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aestuārium]]

+ * [[aestuōsus]]

+ * [[aestuālis]]

+ * [[aestuō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[aestās]]

+ * [[aedēs]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}