proinde Latin · revision 18059

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=la prō, la inde}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [proˈɪn.dɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [proˈin.de]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''proinde''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ It is shortened to ''proin'', and in Plautus and Terence it is usually one syllable.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|prō-|t=forward]] and [[m|la|inde|t=thence]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) The TLL explains that the adverb ⟨prō-⟩ was strengthened by ⟨inde⟩, so that it first meant “further on, onward from here”, a formation like [[m|la|deinde]] and [[m|la|exinde]].^(TLL)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler first records it in Naevius,^(Köbler 2010) who has ''ōdī summussōs: proinde apertē dīce quid sit'', “I hate mutterers: so say plainly what it is”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Proinde'' with ''ut'', ''prout'' or ''atque'' is “according as, in proportion as”, and alone “accordingly”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is also “in the same way as”, and with ''quasi'' or ''ac sī'', often ironically, “just as if” (Plautus, Cicero).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Introducing a consequence it is “so then, therefore”, above all in exhortations and appeals (Naevius, Plautus, Cicero, Caesar).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “hence, accordingly, just as, in the same manner”.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin also uses it for “thereafter” and “from now on”.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius: ''proinde apertē dīce quid sit''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it with ''ut''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero in exhortations.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # According as, in proportion as; accordingly.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # In the same way as, ''(with quasi)'' just as if.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # So then, [[m|en|therefore]], hence.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Thereafter; from now on.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[inde]]

+ * [[deinde]]

+ * [[perinde]]

+ * [[igitur]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}