subsidium Latin · revision 18054

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *sed-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [sʊpˈsɪ.di.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [subˈsiː.di.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''subsidium''' ''n'' (genitive subsidiī or subsidī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|sub-|t=under, behind]], [[m|la|sedeō|t=to sit]] and [[m|la|-ium]];^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Lewis & Short take it from [[m|la|subsideō|t=to sit in wait, remain behind]].^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces [[m|la|sedeō]] to [[itc-pro|*sed-ē-]] and [[ine-pro|*sed-eh₁-|t=to be seated]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has it, spelled ''supsidium'', for “help”: ''quaere ubi iūrī iūrandō tuō sit satiās supsidī'', “look for where your oath will find enough support”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler first records it in Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Subsidium'' was first a military term: the troops held back behind the front line as a reserve, in the old legion the third line of the ''triāriī'', and so reserves of men or of anything.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is “reinforcements, relief” sent to troops in trouble (Caesar: unless help were sent to him), and ''subsidiō'' or ''in subsidium'' “as a support”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) In general it is “help, assistance, support”, a person or thing that helps, “a resource, safeguard” (Cicero: I have prepared this resource for myself since my youth), and in poetry a place of refuge.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “help, aid, support, relief, provision”;^(Stelten 1995) in medieval Latin it is the aid owed to a feudal lord.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|subsidy]] comes from it through Anglo-French in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''satiās supsidī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 120–67 BC – Sisenna of reserve troops.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar: ''nisi subsidium sibi submittātur''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|subsidy]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(military)'' The [[m|en|reserve]], reserve troops.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|reinforcement|alt=Reinforcements]], relief.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Help, [[m|en|aid]], support.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A resource, safeguard; a refuge.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Feudal aid.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[subsidiālis]]

+ * [[subsidiārius]]

+ * [[subsidior]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[sedeō]]

+ * [[subsidō]]

+ * [[praesidium]]

+ * [[en|subsidy]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}