desiderium Latin · revision 18047

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=la sīdus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [deː.siːˈdɛ.ri.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [de.s̬iˈdɛː.ri.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''dēsīderium''' ''n'' (genitive dēsīderiī or dēsīderī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|dēsīderō|-ium|t1=to miss, long for]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan lists [[m|la|dēsīderō]] with [[m|la|cōnsīderō|t=to examine]] under [[m|la|sīdus|t=star]], which he traces to [[itc-pro|*sīdos|t=mark, target]]: following Rix, the verb would first have meant “to come off a goal”; he finds the older link with ⟨*sweid-⟩ “to shine” not very specific.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Ennius,^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) who writes of mourning for Romulus: ''pectora … tenet dēsīderium'', “longing grips their hearts”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Dēsīderium'' is “longing” for something lost or absent (Terence: ''magnō dēsīderiō fuit eī fīlius'', “he missed his son greatly”), and “grief, regret” for the dead (Cicero, Catullus).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is also the person longed for, “darling”: Cicero writes to his wife ''mea lūx, meum dēsīderium'', and Catullus calls Lesbia ''dēsīderiō meō nitentī''.^(OLD 2012) From the sense “need, want” (Cicero: the needs of nature) it comes to mean an expressed wish, “a request, petition” (Seneca).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “desire, lust, yearning for, pining for”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''pectora … tenet dēsīderium''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''magnō dēsīderiō fuit eī fīlius''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''mea lūx, meum dēsīderium''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it for a request.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|longing]], [[m|en|desire]] (for something lost or absent).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Grief, [[m|en|regret]] (for the dead).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An object of longing, darling.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A want, need.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A request, petition.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[dēsīderōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dēsīderābilis]]

+ * [[dēsīderātiō]]

+ * [[dēsīderō]]

+ * [[cōnsīderō]]

+ * [[sīdus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}