invisus Latin · revision 18040

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *weyd-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''invīsus''' (feminine invīsa, neuter invīsum, comparative invīsior, superlative invīsissimus or invīsissumus, adverb invīsē or invīsiter); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the perfect passive participle of [[m|la|invideō|t=to envy, begrudge]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) [[m|la|invideō]] is [[m|la|in-]] and [[m|la|videō|t=to see]], which de Vaan traces to [[itc-pro|*wid-ē-]] and [[ine-pro|*wid-eh₁-|t=to see]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler first records it in Terence,^(Köbler 2010) who has ''invīsōs nōs esse illīs'', “that we are hateful to them”.^(Lewis 1890)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Invīsus'' is “hated, hateful, odious, disliked”, of persons (Cicero of a pimp: ''persōna lutulenta, impūra, invīsa'') and of things (Horace: ''invīsās cupressōs'', the funeral cypresses), often with a dative (Sallust: ''omnibus invīsus'', Virgil: Helen sat at the altar ''invīsa'', hated by all).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis 1890)^(Georges 1913) Its opposites are ''grātus'' and ''cārus''.^(Georges 1913) In Virgil it is also “hostile, ill-disposed”.^(Lewis 1890)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''invīsōs nōs esse illīs''.^(Lewis 1890)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''persōna … invīsa''.^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil of Helen at the altar.^(Lewis 1890)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|hated]], [[m|en|hateful]], [[m|en|odious]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis 1890)^(Georges 1913)

+ # Hostile, ill-disposed.^(Lewis 1890)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[invideō]]

+ * [[invidia]]

+ * [[videō]]

+ * [[odiōsus]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate adjective ''invīsus'', formed from [[in-]] “not” and the participle of [[videō]], means “unseen”: Cato speaks of a disease ''invīsus'', “not seen before”, and Cicero of rites ''maribus nōn invīsa sōlum sed etiam inaudīta'', “not only unseen by men but unheard of”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Georges 1913)^(Köbler 2010) Apuleius and Church writers use it for “invisible”.^(Georges 1913)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}