adiungo Latin · revision 18029

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *yewg-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [adˈjʊŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [adˈjuŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''adiungō''' (present infinitive adiungere, perfect active adiūnxī, supine adiūnctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also written ''adjungō'', Valerius Flaccus has the passive infinitive ''adiungier''.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|ad-|iungō|t1=to|t2=to join, yoke]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|iungō]] to [[itc-pro|*jung-e/o-]] and the nasal present [[ine-pro|*(H)iu-n-g-|t=to yoke]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''ubi ad labra labella adiungit'', “when she puts her lips to his lips”.^(OLD 2012) Ennius has ''audī atque audītīs hostīmentum adiungitō'', “listen, and add a requital to what you hear”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Adiungere'' is “to join, attach, connect”, of cattle “to yoke, harness”, and of vines “to train” on elms (Virgil: ''ulmīs adiungere vītēs'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is “to bring into contact” (Livy of a siege tower moved up to the wall), “to add” ingredients, and to add a person or thing to a group or a further factor to others (Cicero: when you add these kinds of virtue to military ones).^(OLD 2012) It is to bring a character into a dialogue, to apply a skill or the mind (''animum adiungere'').^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) In war and politics it is “to attach” forces, “to win over” to one's side, and ''uxōrem adiungere'' “to take a wife”; it is also “to assign, attribute, confer” honour and “to impose” a penalty (Cicero).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “to join, attach, annex, yoke”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|adjoin]] comes from it through Old French about 1300, and [[m|en|adjunct]] from its participle in the 1580s.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''ad labra labella adiungit''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''hostīmentum adiungitō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil: ''ulmīs adiungere vītēs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1300 – English [[m|en|adjoin]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To join, attach, connect; to [[m|en|yoke]], harness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To bring into contact, put (to).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To add; to include; to combine.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To bring in (a character); to apply (the mind).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To attach (forces); to win over (to one's side); to take (a wife).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To assign, [[m|en|attribute]]; to confer; to impose (a penalty).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[adiūnctiō]]

+ * [[adiūnctīvus]]

+ * [[adiūnctor]]

+ * [[adiunctum]]

+ * [[adiūnctus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[abiungō]]

+ * [[coniungō]]

+ * [[dēiungō]]

+ * [[disiungō]]

+ * [[iniungō]]

+ * [[iungō]]

+ * [[sēiungō]]

+ * [[subiungō]]

+ * [[en|adjoin]]

+ * [[en|adjunct]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}