decuma Latin · revision 18026

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *déḱm̥}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''decuma''' ''f'' (genitive decumae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is the older spelling of ''decima''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the feminine of [[m|la|decumus|t=tenth]], the older form of [[m|la|decimus]], short for ⟨decuma pars⟩ “a tenth part”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan traces the ordinal to [[itc-pro|*dekamo-|t=tenth]], from [[m|la|decem|t=ten]], from [[ine-pro|*déḱm̥|t=ten]]; cognate with [[osc|δεκμας|tr=dekmas|t=a tithe]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who uses it of a tithe offered to a god.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Decuma'' is “a tenth part, tithe”, and in religion a tithe offered to a god, as to Hercules (Varro, Cicero).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Usually in the plural, ''decumae'' were the tax of a tenth on the produce of land, or the right to collect it, as in Sicily in Cicero's speeches against Verres.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''Decima'', with ''hōra'' understood, is also the tenth hour of the day.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) As ''Decuma'' or ''Decima'' it is a Roman goddess of the last month of pregnancy, one of the three Fates (Varro).^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ In medieval Latin the ''decima'' is the tenth of revenue, chiefly of produce, given to the Church, a tithe made compulsory in the Carolingian period, and the right to levy it.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of a tithe offered to a god.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius of the tithe tax.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero on the tithes of Sicily.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * Carolingian period – The Church tithe becomes compulsory.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A tenth part, a [[m|en|tithe]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A tithe offered to a god.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(usually plural)'' A tax of a tenth on produce; the right to collect it.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The tenth hour of the day.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' The church tithe; the right to levy tithes.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ===Proper noun===

+ # ''Decuma'', a goddess of childbirth, one of the [[m|en|Fates]].^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[decimus]]

+ * [[decem]]

+ * [[decumānus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}