coniungo Latin · revision 18018

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *yewg-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔnˈjʊŋ.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [konˈjuŋ.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''coniungō''' (present infinitive coniungere, perfect active coniūnxī, supine coniūnctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also written ''conjungō''; an inscription from Pompeii has ''coiunxit''.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|con-|iungō|t1=with, together|t2=to join, yoke]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces [[m|la|iungō]] to [[itc-pro|*jung-e/o-]], from the nasal present [[ine-pro|*(H)iu-n-g-|t=to yoke]], cognate with [[sa|युनक्ति|tr=yunákti|t=yokes]], [[grc|ζεύγνυμι|tr=zeúgnumi|t=to yoke]] and [[lt|jungti|t=to yoke]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Varro speaks of body and soul ''quae fuerint coniūncta in homine'', “which were joined in a man”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Coniungere'' is “to join together, connect, yoke”, also sexually and of words linked by conjunctions (Gellius: ''atque'' joins words).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is to place side by side, to build into one structure, of armies “to unite forces”, to compose by joining, to link two places, and to join in time.^(OLD 2012) With people it is “to unite” in friendship or alliance, “to join in marriage” (Livy), and to form a friendship or relationship.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “to join, bind together, unite”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|conjoin]] comes from it through Old French in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro of body and soul joined in man.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of marrying daughters.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|conjoin]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To join together, [[m|en|connect]], [[m|en|unite]]; to yoke.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To place side by side; to combine into one.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(military)'' To unite (forces).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To unite (in friendship, kinship or alliance).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To join in [[m|en|marriage]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[coniugium]]

+ * [[coniūnctim]]

+ * [[coniūnctiō]]

+ * [[coniūnctīvus]]

+ * [[coniunctrix]]

+ * [[coniūnctum]]

+ * [[coniūnctus]]

+ * [[cūnctus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[coniūnx]]

+ * [[iungō]]

+ * [[en|conjoin]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}