tanto Latin · revision 18015

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *teh₂-nt-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tantō''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the ablative singular neuter of [[m|la|tantus|t=so great]], used as an adverb.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) De Vaan derives [[m|la|tantus]] from [[itc-pro|*tānto-]] and [[ine-pro|*teh₂-nt-o-]], an adjective of a pronominal stem, beside [[m|la|tam|t=so]]; cognate with [[osc|etanto|t=so great]].^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD notes it is formed like [[m|la|quantus]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has ''bis tantō amīcī sunt inter sē quam prius'', “they are twice as good friends as before”, and ''ter tantō peior'', “three times worse”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Tantō'' is used with comparatives, “by so much, so much the”: often correlated with ''quantō'', “the more … the more” (Caesar: ''quantō … gravior oppugnātiō, tantō crēbriōrēs litterae'', “the heavier the siege, the more frequent the letters”).^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) With multiplying words it gives ''bis tantō'' “twice as much” and ''quīnquiēs tantō amplius'' “five times as much” (Cicero).^(Lewis & Short 1879) It also means “as much as” with a comparative clause.^(Wiktionary) ''Tantō opere'' or ''tantopere'' is “so greatly, so very”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''bis tantō amīcī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''quīnquiēs tantō amplius''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 50 BC – Caesar: ''quantō … tantō crēbriōrēs''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # By so much, so much the (with comparatives).^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(with quantō)'' The more … the more.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(bis tantō, ter tantō)'' Twice, three times as much.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+ # As much as.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tantum]]

+ * [[aliquantō]]

+ * [[multō]]

+ * [[nihilō]]

+ * [[nimiō]]

+ * [[nūllō]]

+ * [[paulō]]

+ * [[quantō]]

+ * [[tantus]]

+ * [[tantopere]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}