expello Latin · revision 18014

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la pellō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛkˈspɛl.loː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ekˈspɛl.lo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''expellō''' (present infinitive expellere, perfect active expulī, supine expulsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Pomponius has a perfect infinitive ''expulsisse''.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|ex-|pellō|t1=out|t2=to push, drive]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Etymonline) De Vaan traces [[m|la|pellō]] to [[itc-pro|*pelna-]] and [[ine-pro|*pl-n-h₂-|t=to approach]], with a shift from “bring closer” to “push, drive”; cognate with [[grc|πίλναμαι|tr=pílnamai|t=to approach]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''nī illōs hominēs expellō, ego occidī plānissumē'', “unless I throw those men out, I'm done for”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Expellere'' is “to drive or force out, eject” things (Accius: a rock hurled up by the winds), in medicine “to dislocate” a bone, of the sea “to cast ashore”, and of cattle “to drive out to pasture”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Of persons it is “to drive out, expel”, an enemy “to dislodge” (Cicero: ''Hannibale ex Ītaliā expulsō''), and “to banish” (Cicero: he who expelled the most powerful king).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Figuratively it is “to banish” a feeling or doubt (Plautus: ''corde expelle dēsidiam tuō'', “drive sloth from your heart”), and “to exclude, reject”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “to drive out, expel, thrust forth”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|expel]] comes from it in the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''nī illōs hominēs expellō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius: ''ventīs expulsum … saxum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''Hannibale ex Ītaliā expulsō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|expel]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To drive out, force out, [[m|en|eject]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(medicine)'' To [[m|en|dislocate]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To cast ashore; to drive out (cattle) to graze.^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|expel]], drive out (a person or enemy); to banish.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To banish (a feeling); to exclude, reject.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[expulsim]]

+ * [[expulsiō]]

+ * [[expulsor]]

+ * [[expultrix]]

+ * [[expulsō]]

+ * [[expulsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[appellō]]

+ * [[aspellō]]

+ * [[compellō]]

+ * [[dēpellō]]

+ * [[dispellō]]

+ * [[impellō]]

+ * [[interpellō]]

+ * [[pellō]]

+ * [[perpellō]]

+ * [[prōpellō]]

+ * [[repellō]]

+ * [[en|expel]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}