prodo Latin · revision 18011

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=la prō, la dō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈproː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈprɔː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''prōdō''' (present infinitive prōdere, perfect active prōdidī, supine prōditum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|prō-|dō|t1=forth|t2=to give]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL calls it an old compound and compares [[grc|προδίδωμι|tr=prodídōmi|t=to give up, betray]] and [[sa|प्रदा|tr=pradā|t=to give away]].^(TLL) De Vaan lists it under [[m|la|dō]], but notes that in compounds that verb merged with an old ⟨*-dō⟩ “to put”, from [[ine-pro|*dʰeh₁-]], so a compound can belong to either;^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary takes it from [[itc-pro|*proðō]], with ⟨-dō⟩ “to put”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Ennius warns against betraying the whole cause by eager hope (''nōn in spērandō cupidē rem prōdere summam''), and Plautus has ''illī prōdit vītam ad miseriam'', “he prolongs his life into misery”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Prōdere'' is “to put forth, project”, of a people “to give birth to”, and of conditions “to produce”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) An official “appoints” a magistrate (an interrex), it “prolongs” or “puts off” a time, and above all it “hands down” a tradition, often with ''memoriā'', and “records, publishes” in writing (Cicero: what the writers of Greece have recorded).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Its other main line is “to give up to an enemy, betray, forsake” (Plautus: Ulysses ''prōditum Hecubae''), and so “to reveal, disclose” (Cicero fears the letter itself may betray them).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “to betray, bring forth, report, record, disclose”.^(Stelten 1995) From it come [[m|la|prōditiō|t=betrayal]] and [[m|la|prōditor|t=traitor]].^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''rem prōdere summam''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''prōdit vītam ad miseriam''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''quae scrīptōrēs Graeciae prōdidērunt''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To put forth, [[m|en|project]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To give birth to; to produce.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To appoint (a magistrate).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To prolong; to put off, [[m|en|defer]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To hand down, [[m|en|transmit]]; to record, publish.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To give up, [[m|en|betray]], forsake.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To reveal, [[m|en|disclose]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[prōditiō]]

+ * [[prōditor]]

+ * [[prōditrīx]]

+ * [[prōditus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dō]]

+ * [[trādō]]

+ * [[dēdō]]

+ * [[ēdō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}