apertus Latin · revision 18001

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂wer-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''apertus''' (feminine aperta, neuter apertum, comparative apertior, superlative apertissimus); first/second-declension adjective^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the past participle of [[m|la|aperiō|t=to open]], used as an adjective.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives [[m|la|aperiō]] from [[itc-pro|*ap-wer-je-|t=to open]], with the prefix of [[m|la|ab]] and [[ine-pro|*h₂wer-|t=to cover]]; its opposite is [[m|la|operiō|t=to cover]].^(de Vaan 2008) Cognate with [[lt|atvérti|t=to open]] and [[sa|वृणोति|tr=vṛṇóti|t=covers]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has ''apertiōre magis viā; ita plānē loquar'', “by a more open way;^(OLD 2012) I'll speak plainly”.^(OLD 2012) Cato says wheat should be sown ''in locō apertō, celsō'', “in an open, high place”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Apertus'' is “open”, of doors (Cicero: ''apertō ōstiō'', “with the door open”), buildings, places free of obstacles, and of a house or ship “roofless”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Of eyes and ears it is “open”, of the body “uncovered, bare”, and “exposed” to the weather or to attack (Ovid: ''zephyrō semper apertus Eryx'', “Eryx, always open to the west wind”).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Figuratively it is “visible to all, public”, of enemies “avowed”, of acts “undisguised”, of persons “frank, open-hearted” (Cicero: ''quem apertum et simplicem volumus esse'', “whom we want to be open and straightforward”), and of facts “evident, obvious”, of crimes “flagrant”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Of speech and style it is “clear, lucid”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) In Medieval Latin it also means “patent” and, of a fief, “vacant”.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''apertiōre magis viā''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato: ''in locō apertō, celsō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''apertum et simplicem''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid: ''zephyrō semper apertus Eryx''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|open]] (of doors, buildings, places);^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) roofless.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Uncovered, bare;^(OLD 2012) [[m|en|exposed]] (to weather or attack).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Visible, public; avowed, undisguised.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|frank]], open-hearted.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Evident, [[m|en|obvious]]; flagrant.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Clear, lucid (of speech or style).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Patent; vacant (of a fief).^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[aperiō]]

+ * [[apertē]]

+ * [[operiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}