ludo Latin · revision 17999

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *leyd-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɫuː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈluː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lūdō''' (present infinitive lūdere, perfect active lūsī, supine lūsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Terence has the infinitive ''lūdier''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Varro has the supine ''lussum''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ According to de Vaan it is [[inh|itc-pro|*loid-e/o-|t=to play]], [[inh|ine-pro|*loid-|t=to let go often, play]], an o-grade present with frequentative sense, as the noun [[m|la|lūdus]], archaic ⟨loid-⟩, ⟨loed-⟩, shows.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD and the TLL compare the Greek gloss [[grc|λίζει|tr=lízei|t=plays]] in Hesychius,^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(de Vaan 2008) and de Vaan also [[mga|laídid|t=impels]].^(de Vaan 2008) Wiktionary calls the origin uncertain.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus has ''lūdentī puerō … memordit sīmia'', “a monkey bit the boy as he was playing”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Lūdere'' is “to play, sport”, with an ablative “to play with” a ball or dice (Terence: ''quom lūdās tesserīs'', “when you play at dice”), and “to gamble”;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''dē aliēnō coriō lūdere'' is to play with another man's skin.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is used of amorous play (Catullus), of making merry (Plautus: ''nunc Bacchae nūllae lūdunt'', “now there are no Bacchants revelling”), and of performing in public shows (Livy of bears and elephants in the circus).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It also means “to jest, joke” (Cicero), to amuse oneself with something, especially light verse, and to imitate in play.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ From play it passes to mockery and deceit: “to make fun of, ridicule” and “to delude, trick”.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Church Latin glosses it “to play, sport, frisk, frolic, mimic, mock”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''lūdentī puerō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''quom lūdās tesserīs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of amorous play.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of animals in the circus games.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|play]], sport;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) to play (with a ball, dice).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|gamble]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # To sport amorously.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To make merry, frolic.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To perform (in public shows).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To jest, joke; to amuse oneself (with), especially by writing light verse.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To [[m|en|mimic]], imitate in play.^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To mock, [[m|en|ridicule]]; to [[m|en|delude]], trick.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[ablūdō]]

+ * [[allūdō]]

+ * [[collūdō]]

+ * [[dēlūdō]]

+ * [[ēlūdō]]

+ * [[illūdō]]

+ * [[interludo]]

+ * [[lūdibundus]]

+ * [[lūdicrum]]

+ * [[lūdiō]]

+ * [[lūsiō]]

+ * [[lūsitō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lūdus]]

+ * [[lūdibrium]]

+ * [[en|ludicrous]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}