hortor Latin · revision 17997

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈhɔr.tɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈɔr.tor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''hortor''' (present infinitive hortārī or hortārier, perfect active hortātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ Plautus has the archaic infinitive ''hortārier''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Ennius has ''horitātur''.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|horior|-tō|t1=to urge]], a frequentative of that verb.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan thinks it is built on a participle ⟨*hortus⟩ or syncopated from ⟨horitāre⟩, which Ennius has.^(de Vaan 2008) He derives [[m|la|horior]] from [[itc-pro|*χerj-]], from [[ine-pro|*ǵʰer-i-|t=to enjoy, be excited]], cognate with Oscan [[m|osc|herest|t=will want]] and Umbrian [[m|xum|heries|t=will want]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''senex in culīnā clāmat, hortātur coquōs: ‘quīn agitis hodiē?’'', “the old man shouts in the kitchen and urges on the cooks: ‘get a move on!’”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Hortārī'' is “to urge on, encourage” someone to action, and with ''ut'', ''nē'' or an infinitive “to urge, exhort” to a particular course.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Things can be its subject: Sallust has Catiline say ''animus, aetās, virtūs vostra mē hortantur'', “your spirit, your youth and your courage urge me on”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “exhort, encourage”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''hortātur coquōs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius has the older form ''horitātur''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust: ''animus, aetās, virtūs vostra mē hortantur''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|encourage]], urge on, cheer.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To urge, [[m|en|exhort]], [[m|en|incite]] (to an action).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[horior]]

+ * [[hortātor]]

+ * [[cohortor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}