ictus Latin · revision 17993

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₂eyḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɪk.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈik.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ictus''' ''m'' (genitive ictūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Claudius Quadrigarius has the genitive ''ictī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|īcō|-tus|t1=to strike]], an action noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan derives [[m|la|īcō]] from [[itc-pro|*īke/o-]], from a reduplicated present ⟨*h₂i-h₂iḱ-e/o-⟩ of [[ine-pro|*h₂eyḱ-|t=to hit, pierce]], cognate with [[grc|αἰχμή|tr=aikhmḗ|t=spear point]] and [[lt|iẽšmas|t=spit]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who has ''eōs ego hodiē omnīs contruncābō duōbus sōlīs ictibus'', “I'll cut them all down today with just two blows”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Ictus'' is “a stroke, thrust, blow” from a weapon or fist, and the blow of an animal's hoof or horn (Accius).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is the wound a blow leaves (Celsus), a blow given without hostile intent, and the impact of light, heat or sound (''ictūs sōlis'').^(OLD 2012) ''Foederis ictus'' is the making of a treaty, from ''foedus īcere''.^(OLD 2012) Figuratively it is a blow of fortune (Propertius).^(OLD 2012) It is also the beat of time in music and metre, and the beat of the pulse.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “blow, stab, stroke, beat, thrust, stress”.^(Stelten 1995) In medieval law it names jurisdiction over assaults.^(Niermeyer 1976) English took [[m|en|ictus]], “metrical stress”, from it in 1752.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''duōbus sōlīs ictibus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of a ram's blow.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius uses it of a blow of fortune.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 39–65 AD – Lucan: ''foederis ictū''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1752 – English [[m|en|ictus]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|blow]], stroke, thrust, stab;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) a bite, sting.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A wound.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The impact (of light, heat or sound).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''foederis ictus'': the making of a [[m|en|treaty]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A blow (of fortune), misfortune.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(prosody, music)'' A beat;^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) the beat of the [[m|en|pulse]].^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Jurisdiction over assaults.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[īcō]]

+ * [[iciō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}