irascor Latin · revision 17987

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=back-formation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₁eysh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [iːˈraːs.kɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [iˈras.kor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īrāscor''' (present infinitive īrāscī, perfect active īrātus sum); third conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+ Pomponius has an active ''īrāscō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Plautus has the old infinitive ''īrāscier''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ All perfect forms are taken as ''īrātus''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a back-formation from [[m|la|īrātus|t=angry]], as if that were the participle of a verb.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan notes that the verb cannot be made directly from [[m|la|īra|t=anger]], while the adjective was formed from the noun.^(de Vaan 2008) He derives [[m|la|īra]] from [[itc-pro|*eis/ra-]], from [[ine-pro|*h₁eis-h₂-|t=anger]], comparing [[ae|aēšma-|t=wrath]], [[grc|οἶμα|tr=oîma|t=spring, rush]] and [[sa|इष्|tr=íṣ-|t=refreshment, strength]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008) Terence uses it as “to fly into a rage”: ''ille continuō īrāscī'', “he at once flew into a rage”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Īrāscī'' is “to feel resentment, be angry”, usually with the dative of the person, and with inceptive force “to become angry”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero speaks of one ''quī facile et cito īrāscitur'', “who gets angry easily and quickly”, and Virgil uses it of a bull learning to put its rage into its horns.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “to be angry or full of wrath”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''ille continuō īrāscī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''quī facile et cito īrāscitur''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a bull.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be [[m|en|angry]], feel resentment (usually with a dative).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To become angry, fly into a [[m|en|rage]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[īra]]

+ * [[īrātus]]

+ * [[īrācundus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}