doleo Latin · revision 17982

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *delh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈdɔ.ɫe.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈdɔː.le.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''doleō''' (present infinitive dolēre, perfect active doluī, supine dolitum); second conjugation, no passive^(Wiktionary)

+ The future participle ''dolitūrus'' is found in Livy, Virgil, Horace and Ovid.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ Inscriptions also have deponent forms.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*dolē-|t=to pain, cause pain]], [[inh|ine-pro|*dolh₁-eie-|t=to split]], a causative of [[m|ine-pro|*delh₁-|t=to chop]]: pain would have been felt as being torn apart, and “make someone feel split” would have become “cause pain”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The OLD compares, with hesitation, [[m|la|dolō|t=to hew]] and [[grc|δηλέομαι|tr=dēléomai|t=to harm]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''tōtus doleō … ita mē iste habuit senex gymnasium'', “I ache all over, that old man has used me as a gymnasium”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Dolēre'' is “to be in pain, ache”, and “to grieve, be distressed” (Plautus: ''satis iam doluī ex animō'', “I have grieved enough at heart”).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) With an accusative or a clause it is “to grieve at, lament” (Plautus: ''haec ego doleō, haec sunt quae mē excruciant'', “these things I grieve at, these are what torment me”).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Of things it is “to cause pain, rankle” (Virgil: ''an iocī dolent?'', “or do the jokes hurt?”).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “grieve, suffer, be sorrowful, hurt”.^(Stelten 1995) The noun [[dolor]], pain, comes from it, also from Plautus on.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''tōtus doleō'';^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) ''satis iam doluī ex animō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of pain while varicose veins were cut.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil: ''an iocī dolent?''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be in [[m|en|pain]], [[m|en|ache]], hurt.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|grieve]], be distressed.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To grieve at, [[m|en|lament]], deplore.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To cause pain, rankle.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[circumdoleō]]

+ * [[condoleō]]

+ * [[condolēscō]]

+ * [[dēdoleō]]

+ * [[dolēns]]

+ * [[dolenter]]

+ * [[dolentia]]

+ * [[dolentulus]]

+ * [[dolitō]]

+ * [[dolor]]

+ * [[perdoleō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[dolidus]]

+ * [[dolōrōsus]]

+ * [[dolō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}