fluctus Latin · revision 17978

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰleuH-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfɫuːk.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfluk.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''flūctus''' ''m'' (genitive flūctūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Varro and Nigidius have the genitive ''flūctuis'', and Pacuvius and Accius the nominative plural ''flūctī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|fluō|-tus|t1=to flow]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) [[m|la|fluō]] goes back to [[itc-pro|*flow-e/o-]] and [[ine-pro|*bʰleuH-|t=to flow over]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Ennius.^(Köbler 2010) Plautus has ''videō mēd ad saxa ferrī saevīs flūctibus'', “I see myself carried onto the rocks by savage waves”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Flūctus'' is a wave, a billow, usually of the sea, and in the plural the waters of the sea (Virgil: wandering ''omnibus … terrīs et flūctibus'', “over every land and sea”).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is common in figurative use for turmoil: Accius speaks of the ''bellī flūctūs'', and Cicero of steering the ship of state ''in maximīs turbinibus ac flūctibus'', “in the greatest storms and waves”.^(OLD 2012) It is also a stream of any fluid, air or smell (Lucretius), a rippling movement of the body, and a wave of hair.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “wave, billow, storm, affliction”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''saevīs flūctibus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius: ''bellī flūctūs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''excitābat flūctūs in simpulō''.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|wave]], [[m|en|billow]];^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) ''(plural)'' the sea.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Turmoil, [[m|en|commotion]] (figurative); affliction.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A stream, flood (of any fluid, of air).^(OLD 2012)

+ # A rippling movement; a wave (of hair).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[flucticola]]

+ * [[flūcticolor]]

+ * [[flucticulus]]

+ * [[flūctifragus]]

+ * [[flūctigenus]]

+ * [[flūctiger]]

+ * [[flūctisonus]]

+ * [[flūctivagus]]

+ * [[flūctuōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[fluō]]

+ * [[flūmen]]

+ * [[fluctuō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Cicero quotes the proverb ''excitāre flūctūs in simpulō'', “to raise waves in a ladle”, of making a great fuss about a small matter.^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}