propinquus Latin · revision 17969

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *própro}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [prɔˈpɪŋ.kʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [proˈpiŋ.kʷus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''propinquus''' (feminine propinqua, neuter propinquum, comparative propinquior); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Gellius spells it ''propinc-''; the comparative ''propinquior'' is in Varro and Ovid.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[m|la|prope|t=near]], with an ending like that of [[longinquus]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Wiktionary analyses it as ⟨prop(e)⟩ + ⟨(h)inc⟩ + ⟨-uus⟩.^(Wiktionary) De Vaan, following Dunkel, derives [[m|la|prope]] from [[ine-pro|*própro|t=on and on, ever further]], with the second ⟨*r⟩ lost by dissimilation.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who has ''propinquam uxōrem dūxit, cognātam suam'', “he married a neighbour, a relative of his”.^(OLD 2012) Terence has ''ex meō propinquō rūre'', “from my farm nearby”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Propinquus'' is “near, neighbouring” in space, and of people “living nearby”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Of time and events it is “near, imminent” (Cicero: ''propinquum diem'', “an early day”).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is also “closely related” by kinship, and “akin, similar” in nature (Varro of related words).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) As a noun ''propinquus'' is a kinsman, a relative, from Cicero on.^(Köbler 2010)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “near, approaching, neighbouring, near of kin”, and as a noun “neighbour, kin, relative”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''propinquam uxōrem dūxit''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''ex meō propinquō rūre''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of time and as a noun “relative”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses the comparative of related words.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|near]], neighbouring (in space).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Living nearby.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Near, [[m|en|imminent]] (in time).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Closely related, [[m|en|kindred]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Akin, similar.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|relative]], kinsman; a neighbour.^(Köbler 2010)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[perpropinquus]]

+ * [[propinquitās]]

+ * [[propinquō]]

+ * [[propinquē]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prope]]

+ * [[propediem]]

+ * [[propemodum]]

+ * [[propiō]]

+ * [[propior]]

+ * [[longinquus]]

+ * [[proximus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}