sinus Latin · revision 17961

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=inherited|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=itc-pro *sinu-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈsɪ.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈsiː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''sinus''' ''m'' (genitive sinūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*sinu-]], probably [[inh|ine-pro|*sinu-]], and probably related to [[sq|gji|t=breast]] (from ⟨*sin-⟩).^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) If so, [[sa|सानु|tr=sā́nu|t=back, ridge]] cannot be cognate, since it lacks the ⟨*-i-⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) The OLD calls the origin doubtful and mentions the Albanian word as a possibility;^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler calls it unclear.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan finds no further etymology.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Terence,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''hīcine nōn gestandus in sinūst?'', “isn't he to be carried in one's bosom?”, of a person much loved.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Sinus'' is the fold formed by a garment looped over the breast, and the breast it covers; it is the bosom or arms in which a person is held in affection, and figuratively a refuge (''in sinū gaudēre'', “to rejoice in secret”).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) The fold of the toga served as a pocket, so it also means one's purse or resources.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is the breast as the seat of feelings, the inmost part of a place, the bellying of a sail, any hollow or curve, and a bay or gulf.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Döderlein contrasts ''[[gremium]]'', the lap and a symbol of a mother's care, with ''sinus'', the bosom and a symbol of protection.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ In Church Latin it is “breast, bosom; bay”.^(Stelten 1995) In the 12th century Gherardo of Cremona used it for the sine of an angle, rendering an Arabic word for a fold or pocket.^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) English [[m|en|sinus]] (early 15th century, a cavity in the body) and [[m|en|sine]] (1590s) come from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''hīcine nōn gestandus in sinūst?''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: the fold of the toga as a pocket for letters.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * mid-12th century – Gherardo of Cremona uses it for the [[m|en|sine]].^(Etymonline)^(Wiktionary)

+ * early 15th century – Borrowed into English as [[m|en|sinus]] in anatomy.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|fold]] of a garment, especially of the toga over the breast; the breast.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The [[m|en|bosom]], embrace; a refuge, shelter.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A pocket; one's purse, resources.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The breast as the seat of feelings; the inmost part of a place.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The swelling of a sail.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A hollow, curve, cavity.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A [[m|en|bay]], [[m|en|gulf]].^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin, mathematics)'' The [[m|en|sine]] of an angle.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[sinuō]]

+ * [[sinuōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[īnsinuō]]

+ * [[gremium]]

+ * [[en|sinus]]

+ * [[en|sine]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ A separate word ''sīnus'' (second declension), a large drinking vessel, is a pre-classical form of [[sīnum]], found in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}