pudor Latin · revision 17947

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=itc-pro *pudē-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpʊ.dɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpuː.dor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''pudor''' ''m'' (genitive pudōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ A fourth-century inscription has ''podor''.^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|pudeō|-or]], from the verb “to be ashamed” (impersonal ⟨pudet⟩ “it shames”).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs [[itc-pro|*pudē-|t=to be ashamed, shy]] but finds no secure etymology: Walde–Hofmann compared [[m|la|paviō]] “to strike”, Ernout and Meillet hesitantly [[ine-pro|*spewd-|t=to press, hurry]], which is not otherwise found without ⟨s-⟩, and [[m|la|paveō]] “to be frightened” is another possible connection.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''ubi pudendum est, ibi eōs dēserit pudor'', “where there is cause for shame, their shame deserts them”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler cites it from Ennius.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Pudor'' is a feeling of shame at a particular act, and more generally the sense of what is seemly, “decency, restraint, modesty” (the general idea, while ''[[pudīcitia]]'' is chastity in particular).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It also means one's honour or self-respect, then a cause of shame, “disgrace”, and in exclamations ''prō pudor!'' “for shame!”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary also gives “a blush” and the personified Shame or Modesty.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “purity, modesty, decency, shame, disgrace”.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it can mean an insult or affront.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''ubi pudendum est, ibi eōs dēserit pudor'';^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) ''sī in tē pudor adsit, nōn mē appellēs'', “if you had any decency you would not call on me”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of a humiliation, “not without disgrace”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace: ''ō pudor! ō magna Karthāgō'', “oh shame! oh great Carthage”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|shame]], a feeling of shame.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Sense of propriety, [[m|en|decency]], [[m|en|modesty]], restraint.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Honour, self-respect.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A source of shame, disgrace, humiliation.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''prō pudor!'', ''ō pudor!'', for shame!^(OLD 2012)

+ # A blush.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' An insult, affront.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[pudōrātus]]

+ * [[pudōricolor]]

+ * [[impudēns]]

+ * [[impudenter]]

+ * [[impudentia]]

+ * [[impudīcitia]]

+ * [[pudendum]]

+ * [[pudendus]]

+ * [[pudenter]]

+ * [[pudēns]]

+ * [[pudibundus]]

+ * [[pudīcitia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pudēfactus]]

+ * [[pudescit]]

+ * [[pudet]]

+ * [[pudibilis]]

+ * [[pudīcē]]

+ * [[pudīcus]]

+ * [[pudeō]]

+ * [[repudium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}