libido Latin · revision 17946

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *lewbʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [lɪˈbiː.doː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [liˈbiː.do]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''libīdō''' ''f'' (genitive libīdinis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The older spelling is ''lubīdō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[libet]] “it is pleasing” with the suffix [[m|la|-īdō]], as [[cupīdō]] from [[cupiō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan thinks the suffix was originally ⟨*-ēdōn⟩, built on the verb stem ⟨*lub-ē-⟩, and was changed under the influence of ⟨cupīdō⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) He derives [[m|la|libet]] (older ⟨lubet⟩) from [[itc-pro|*lufē-|t=to desire]], from [[ine-pro|*lubʰ-eh₁-|t=to please]], with ⟨u⟩ unrounded to ⟨i⟩ between ⟨l⟩ and ⟨b⟩.^(de Vaan 2008) Varro already derived it from ⟨libet⟩.^(TLL)

+

+ Cognate with [[osc|loufir|t=or]], [[cu|любъ|tr=ljubŭ|t=sweet, pleasant]] and [[got|𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃|tr=liufs|t=dear]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Terence has ''ut ingeniumst omnium hominum ab labōre prōclīve ad libīdinem'', “as all men's nature is to slide from work to pleasure”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Libīdō'' is a desire, longing or fancy (''libīdinem habēre in'', “to take pleasure in”), then one's will or whim as a force that overrides reason, “caprice, wilfulness”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Its narrower sense is sexual desire, “lust, wantonness”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Döderlein distinguishes ''[[cupīdō]]'', desire as an active striving, from ''[[cupiditās]]'', desire as a passion or state.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “lust, passion, sexual desire”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|libido]] was taken over untranslated in 1892, in the English edition of Krafft-Ebing's ''Psychopathia Sexualis''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Used by Plautus (as ''lubīdō'').^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''ab labōre prōclīve ad libīdinem''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1892 – English [[m|en|libido]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|desire]], longing, wish, fancy.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Will, pleasure, whim, [[m|en|caprice]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Sexual desire, [[m|en|lust]], wantonness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[libīdinitās]]

+ * [[libīdinor]]

+ * [[libīdinōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[libet]]

+ * [[libīdinōsē]]

+ * [[libita]]

+ * [[libēns]]

+ * [[cupīdō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}