supplicium Latin · revision 17945

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [sʊpˈplɪ.ki.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [supˈpliː.t͡ʃi.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''supplicium''' ''n'' (genitive suppliciī or supplicī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''subplicium''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|supplex|-ium]], from the adjective “kneeling, suppliant”;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) Lewis and Short take it to mean first a kneeling down, either to beg or to receive punishment.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Plautus,^(Köbler 2010) who uses it both of an offering to a god (''nihil eī acceptumst ā periūrīs supplicī'', “he accepts no offering from perjurers”, of Jupiter) and of a beating (''dabitur pol supplicium mihi dē tergō vostrō'', “I'll get satisfaction from your backs”).^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Supplicium'' is first something offered to placate a person one has wronged (''supplicium dare'', “to make amends”) and, in religion, an offering or prayer to appease a god, like ''[[supplicātiō]]''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Its main classical sense is the satisfaction that the law exacts, “punishment”, especially physical punishment and execution;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''supplicium dare'' or ''pendere'' is “to pay the penalty”, ''supplicium sūmere dē'' “to punish”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) By extension it means suffering and torture.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin keeps the sense of a kneeling down, in entreaty or to receive punishment.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''nihil eī acceptumst ā periūrīs supplicī'';^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) ''dabitur pol supplicium mihi dē tergō vostrō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''supplicium dare'', “to pay the penalty”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Reparation, amends (to someone wronged).^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(religion)'' An offering or prayer to appease a god; [[m|en|supplication]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|punishment]], penalty; execution;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''supplicium dare'', to pay the penalty.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Suffering; torture.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[supplex]]

+ * [[supplicō]]

+ * [[supplicātiō]]

+ * [[poena]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}