clamor Latin · revision 17943

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *kelh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkɫaː.mɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈklaː.mor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''clāmor''' ''m'' (genitive clāmōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The old nominative ''clāmōs'' is found in Ennius and Lucretius, and Quintilian mentions it.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)^(TLL)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|clāmō|-or]], from the verb “to shout”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan thinks [[m|la|clāmō]] was itself made from a noun ⟨*klāmā-⟩ or ⟨*klāmo-⟩ “shout”, later replaced by ⟨clāmor⟩, and reconstructs [[ine-pro|*klh₁-m(o)-]].^(de Vaan 2008) The root is [[m|ine-pro|*kelh₁-|t=to call, shout]].^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''anum sectātus sum clāmōre per viās'', “I chased the old woman through the streets with shouting”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Clāmor'' is a shout or shouting, a shout of joy or applause, a cry of protest, and the battle cry of soldiers attacking.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is also used of the noise of animals and birds and, in poetry, of the roar of thunder, cliffs and the sea.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “a shout, cry, clamour”.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it is a complaint, a lawsuit, a debt in dispute and a fine.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|clamor]] (late 14th century) came through Old French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''quid istīc clāmōrem tollis?'', “why are you raising a shout there?”^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''tollitur in caelum clāmor exortus utrīsque'', “a shout rises to the sky from both sides”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 220–130 BC – Pacuvius: ''clāmor tonitruum'', “the roar of thunder”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|clamor]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|shout]], shouting, [[m|en|cry]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A shout of joy; applause.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An outcry, protest.^(Wiktionary)

+ # A battle cry.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Noise (of animals); roar (of thunder or the sea).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A complaint; a lawsuit.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[clāmātor]]

+ * [[clāmitō]]

+ * [[clāmō]]

+ * [[clāmōsus]]

+ * [[exclāmō]]

+ * [[en|clamor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}