parco Latin · revision 17932

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|formation=inherited|attested=280/260–before 200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *h₂erk-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpar.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpar.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''parcō''' (present infinitive parcere, perfect active pepercī or parsī, supine parsum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Beside the perfect ''pepercī'' there are ''parsī'' (Plautus, Terence, Cato, Nepos) and ''parcuī'' (Naevius).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)

+ ''Pepercī'' is the form constantly used by Cicero and Caesar;^(Lewis & Short 1879) ''parsī'' is pre-classical and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is disputed.^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan, following Keller and Weiss, takes it to be [[inh|itc-pro|*pe-arkō]], with the prefix [[m|ine-pro|*h₂epo|t=off]] and [[m|ine-pro|*h₂erk-|t=to hold, guard]] (the root of [[arceō]]), so “to hold off”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) He finds unconvincing the comparison in LIV with [[sa|पृच्|tr=pṛc-|t=to fill, mix]].^(de Vaan 2008) The TLL notes that it is generally connected with [[compescō]] (from ⟨*com-perscere⟩), but that nothing is known of the origin of the root.^(TLL)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus has ''tacē, parce vōcī'', “be quiet, spare your voice”, and ''Apollō, quaesō tē … ut parcās gnātō meō'', “Apollo, I pray you, spare my son”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Parcere'' is first to be sparing or thrifty with something (with the dative), then to refrain from using it, “to spare” (one's voice, one's strength).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Its main sense is to refrain from harming, “to spare, be merciful to” a person, and to show consideration for someone's feelings; it also means “to refrain from, forbear”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “spare, keep, preserve, forbear, abstain, desist”, and Wiktionary also gives “to forgive”.^(Stelten 1995)^(Wiktionary) Its derivatives include ''[[parcus]]'' “thrifty” and ''[[parsimōnia]]'' “thrift”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 280/260–before 200 BC – Used by Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius has the perfect ''parcuit''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''tacē, parce vōcī'';^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) ''ut parcās gnātō meō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses the perfect ''pepercī''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To be sparing, economical (with).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To refrain from using; to save.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|spare]], be merciful (to); to [[m|en|forgive]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To show consideration (for).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To refrain (from), forbear, abstain.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[parsimōnia]]

+ * [[comparcō]]

+ * [[compercō]]

+ * [[compescō]]

+ * [[dispescō]]

+ * [[parcimōnia]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[arceō]]

+ * [[parcus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}