patrius Latin · revision 17918

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *ph₂tr-iHo-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈpa.tri.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈpaː.tri.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''patrius''' (feminine patria, neuter patrium, adverb patriē); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*patrijo-]], [[inh|ine-pro|*ph₂tr-iHo-|t=of a father]], from [[pater]] “father”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) Servius notes that it can come from ⟨pater⟩ as well as [[patria]] “native land”.^(TLL)

+

+ Cognate with [[sa|पित्र्य|tr=pítrya|t=paternal, ancestral]] and [[grc|πάτριος|tr=pátrios|t=paternal, hereditary]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus,^(de Vaan 2008) who has ''postquam recesset vīta patriō corpore'', “after life had left my father's body”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler cites it from Ennius.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Patrius'' means “of a father, a father's”, “fatherly, paternal” (Terence: ''hoc patriumst'', “this is a father's way”, ''nōmen patrium'', the name of father), and “inherited from one's fathers, ancestral” (ancestral altars).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It also means “belonging to one's native land, native”, as in ''patrius sermō'', one's native tongue.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Grammarians called the genitive the ''cāsus patrius''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Döderlein says ''[[paternus]]'' is what belongs to and comes from a father, ''patrius'' what belongs to and comes from one's ancestors or native country.^(Döderlein 1874) Church Latin glosses it “of a father, paternal, ancestral, native”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''vīta patriō corpore''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''cui nec ārae patriae domī stant'', “who has no ancestral altars standing at home”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''hoc patriumst''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''patrius sermō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses ''patrius cāsus'' for the genitive.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # A father's, of a father.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Fatherly, [[m|en|paternal]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Inherited, [[m|en|ancestral]], hereditary.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Of one's native land, [[m|en|native]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''cāsus patrius'', the genitive case.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[patria]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[pater]]

+ * [[paternus]]

+ * [[patrōnus]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}