utrum Latin · revision 17916

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=190–159 BC, Terence|origins=ine-pro *kʷo-tero-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈʊ.trũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈuː.trum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''utrum''' ^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the neuter of [[uter]] “which of the two”, used as a particle.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives ⟨uter⟩ from [[ine-pro|*kʷo-tero-|t=which of two]], which Latin remade as ⟨*kʷutero-⟩ after the interrogative stem of [[ubī]], [[unde]] and [[ut]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Terence has ''ita, utrum taceam an praedīcemne?'', “so, shall I keep quiet or tell?”^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Utrum'' introduces a double question, direct or indirect, with ''an'', ''anne'' or ''aut'' before the second part: ''utrum … an'', “whether … or”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) In a direct question it is not translated into English, which shows the question by the tone of voice.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Sometimes it introduces an indirect question without a stated alternative, “whether”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''utrum taceam an praedīcemne?''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''utrum dē tē arātōrēs … an Siculī ūniversī'', in a list of alternatives.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # ''utrum … an'', whether … or.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|whether]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[uter]]

+ * [[an]]

+ * [[num]]

+ * [[-ne]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}