morbus Latin · revision 17914

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈmɔr.bʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmɔr.bus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''morbus''' ''m'' (genitive morbī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Church Latin also has a neuter ''morbum''.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan rules out an adjective in ⟨*-idho-⟩ like [[acerbus]], since that would have given ⟨*moridus⟩, and suggests the suffix [[m|ine-pro|*-bʰo-]] of adjectives of appearance (as in [[albus]]): ⟨morbus⟩ would be “looking like death”, from the root of [[mors]] and [[morior]], [[ine-pro|*mer-|t=to die]], though such a formation would be odd.^(de Vaan 2008) Alternatively it might belong to the root of the words for “bramble”, such as [[grc|μόρον|tr=móron|t=black mulberry]].^(de Vaan 2008) Pokorny connected [[grc|μαραίνω|tr=maraínō|t=to wither]], and the TLL and Lewis and Short also compare ⟨morior⟩.^(Wiktionary)^(TLL)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The Twelve Tables have ''sī morbus aevitāsve vitium escit'', “if illness or age is an impediment”.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Morbus'' is disease, illness, sickness of body or mind.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) It is used loosely of other afflictions (Plautus calls lack of money a grave disease that has attacked a man) and of moral weaknesses, “failing, vice” (Catullus: ''hunc habet morbum'', “this is his failing”, of a man who grins at everything).^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary also gives “grief, distress” and “death”.^(Wiktionary) Döderlein says ''[[aeger]]'' covers every kind of illness or unease, while ''[[aegrōtus]]'' and ''[[morbidus]]'' refer to bodily illness.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “disease, sickness, illness, fault”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – Twelve Tables: ''sī morbus aevitāsve vitium escit''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''eum morbus invāsit gravis'', of lack of money.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of a man who shared Verres' ''morbus et cupiditās''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus: ''hunc habet morbum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|disease]], [[m|en|illness]], sickness.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # An affliction, trouble.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A failing, [[m|en|vice]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Grief, distress.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[morbidus]]

+ * [[morbifer]]

+ * [[morbificō]]

+ * [[morbōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[morbidē]]

+ * [[morbōsitās]]

+ * [[aeger]]

+ * [[aegrōtus]]

+ * [[mors]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}