suspicio Latin · revision 17912

+ {{homograph|1|look up at}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *speḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [sʊsˈpɪ.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [susˈpiː.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''suspiciō''' (present infinitive suspicere, perfect active suspexī, supine suspectum); third (-iō variant) conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''subspiciō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The verb is formed [[af|la|sub-|speciō|t2=to look]], “to look from below, look up”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives [[m|la|speciō]] from [[itc-pro|*spekje-]], from [[ine-pro|*speḱ-ye-|t=to look]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's first example is from Ennius' ''Annals''.^(OLD 2012) Cicero writes of fish that cannot look up at us, ''neque ipsī nōs suspicere possunt''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Suspicere'' is “to look up at” (''caelum suspicere'', “to look up at the sky”) and “to look up”; figuratively “to look up to, admire, esteem”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) In the sense “to regard with mistrust, suspect” it is found almost only in the past participle ''[[suspectus]]''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “regard, contemplate, look up at, admire; suspect, mistrust”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it in the ''Annals''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''cum caelum suspeximus'', “when we look up at the sky”; an eloquence ''quam suspicerent omnēs'', “which all would look up to”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust: Bomilcar, ''suspectus rēgī'', “suspected by the king”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To look up at; to look up.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To look up to, [[m|en|admire]], esteem.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To mistrust, [[m|en|suspect]] (mostly in the past participle).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[suspectus]]

+ * [[suspectō]]

+ * [[suspectiō]]

+

+ {{homograph|2|suspicion}}

+

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *speḱ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [sʊsˈpiː.ki.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [susˈpiː.t͡ʃi.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''suspīciō''' ''f'' (genitive suspīciōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Good manuscripts and editions also spell it ''suspītiō'', always so in Plautus and Terence according to Fleckeisen.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The noun is formed from the verb [[suspicio#1|alt=suspiciō]] in its sense “to suspect” with the suffix [[m|la|-iō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The long ⟨ī⟩ is irregular;^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary suggests it was taken over from [[opīniō]], and notes that the Romance forms continue a variant with short ⟨i⟩.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Plautus has ''innocēns suspīciōnem hanc sustinet causa mea'', “my case is innocent and bears this suspicion”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it from Plautus.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Suspīciō'' is a suspicion, a mistrustful feeling, often with the genitive of what is suspected (''in suspīciōne stuprī'', “suspected of illicit sex”).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It also means a slight idea or presentiment, an inkling (''nūlla bellī suspīciō'', “no idea of war”), and objectively a faint indication or trace.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “suspicion, reproach”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''innocēns suspīciōnem hanc sustinet causa mea''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it with the genitive of the offence.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''cum esset nūlla bellī suspīciō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|suspicion]], mistrust.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A slight idea, inkling, presentiment.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A faint indication, trace.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[suspīciōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[suspicor]]

+ * [[speciō]]

+ * [[aspiciō]]

+ * [[cōnspiciō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}