timor Latin · revision 17904

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtɪ.mɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtiː.mor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''timor''' ''m'' (genitive timōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Naevius has an old nominative ''timōs''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|timeō|-or]], from the verb “to fear”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan rejects the connection of [[m|la|timeō]] with words for “stiff”, which Walde–Hofmann and Pokorny hesitantly proposed, and gives it no etymology.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Naevius, who has the nominative ''timōs''.^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) Plautus has ''timōre torpeō'', “I'm numb with fear”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Timor'' is the feeling of fear, dread, alarm;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Cicero defines it as fear of an evil drawing near.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) By extension it is something that causes fear, and in poetry Fear personified, as in Virgil and Horace.^(OLD 2012) Wiktionary gives a poetic sense “awe, reverence”.^(Wiktionary) Döderlein says ''[[metuō|alt=metuere]]'' and ''[[timeō|alt=timēre]]'' come from threatening danger, while ''[[vereor|alt=verērī]]'' comes from what is venerable.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “fear, dread, alarm, apprehension”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius: ''timōs''.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''timōre torpeō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero defines ''timor'' as fear of an approaching evil.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil: ''immīsit … Fugam Teucrīs atrumque Timōrem'', “sent Flight and black Fear upon the Trojans”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|fear]], [[m|en|dread]], alarm.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # An object or source of fear.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(personified)'' Fear.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(poetic)'' Awe, reverence.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[timefactus]]

+ * [[timeō]]

+ * [[timidē]]

+ * [[timiditās]]

+ * [[timidus]]

+ * [[metus]]

+ * [[formīdō]]

+ * [[pavor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}