tandem Latin · revision 17894

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *teh₂m}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtan.dẽː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtan.dem]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tandem''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[tam]] “so” with the particle [[m|la|-dem]] (as in [[īdem]]), “just so far”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives it from ⟨*tam-dem⟩, with the secondary particle ⟨-dim⟩, and traces [[m|la|tam]] to [[ine-pro|*teh₂m]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius uses it in protest: ''Iuppiter tibi summe tandem male rē gestā grātulor'', “highest Jupiter, I congratulate you, after all, on a deed badly done”.^(OLD 2012) De Vaan and Köbler date it from Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In early Latin ''tandem'' often stresses protest or impatience, “really, I ask you”, and in questions “pray”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Its other sense is “after some time, at length, at last”, and ''vix tandem'' “only just, after much effort”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Nonius reports that Titinius used it for ''[[tamen]]''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Church Latin glosses it “finally, at length”.^(Stelten 1995) English [[m|en|tandem]] began in 1785 as a joke on “at length”, for a carriage with the horses harnessed one behind the other.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''Iuppiter tibi summe tandem male rē gestā grātulor''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''proelium id tandem dirēmit nox'', “at last night ended that battle”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1785 – English [[m|en|tandem]], of a carriage.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # ''(in questions and protests)'' Pray, really, I ask you, after all.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # At length, [[m|en|at last]], finally.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''vix tandem'', only just, after much time or effort.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tam]]

+ * [[tamen]]

+ * [[dēmum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}