praeter Latin · revision 17888

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *preh₂i}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈprae̯.tɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈprɛː.ter]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praeter''' (+ accusative)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[prae]] “before” with the suffix [[m|la|-ter]], as in [[inter]], [[subter]] and [[propter]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary sets up [[itc-pro|*praiteros]], with the contrastive suffix [[m|ine-pro|*-teros]].^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces [[m|la|prae]] to [[ine-pro|*preh₂i|t=before]] and compares [[m|xum|pretra|t=the first]], from [[m|itc-pro|*prai-tero-]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan and Köbler date it from Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Plautus has ''mūstēla mūrem apstulit praeter pedēs'', “the weasel carried off a mouse right past my feet”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a preposition with the accusative ''praeter'' is “past, by” of motion, then “beyond” a standard or expectation, “contrary to”, “besides, in addition to” and, very often, “except, but” after a negative.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) As an adverb it means “past, by” and “besides”, and Pliny uses it as a conjunction.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it also means “contrary to”, “apart from” and “without”.^(Niermeyer 1976) It is the source of the English prefix [[m|en|preter-]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – First used by Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''praeter pedēs'';^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) ''nunc quidem praeter nōs nēmō est'', “now there is nobody but us”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato: ''praeter cardinēs'', “not counting the hinges”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it as an adverb, “past”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Preposition===

+ # [[m|en|past]], by, along.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Beyond, exceeding; more than.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Contrary to.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # Besides, in addition to.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)

+ # [[m|en|except]], but, save.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # Past, by.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Besides, also.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[praetereā]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[prae]]

+ * [[praeterquam]]

+ * [[propter]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}