quamquam Latin · revision 17885

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=reduplication|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʷaŋ.kʷãː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkʷaŋ.kʷam]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quamquam''' ^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''quanquam''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[quam]] repeated, first “however much”, a generalizing doubling like [[quisquis]] “whoever”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) ⟨Quam⟩ is the accusative feminine singular of the relative pronoun [[quī]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ De Vaan dates it from Plautus;^(de Vaan 2008) in the ''Aulularia'' a slave says he will watch where the old man hides his gold, ''quamquam hīc manēre mē erus sēsē iusserat'', “although, to be sure, my master had told me to stay here”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Quamquam'' introduces a concession of fact, “however much”, later simply “although”, regularly with the indicative before and in classical prose; later writers also use the subjunctive, as with ''[[quamvīs]]''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) At the head of a main sentence it corrects or qualifies what precedes, “and yet, however”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) With an adjective or participle it means “albeit”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Church Latin it is glossed “although, and yet, nevertheless”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it in the ''Aulularia'' and the ''Amphitruo''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''quamquam ubi tū tē populārem … potes dīcere?'', “and yet how can you call yourself a man of the people?”^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 100–24 BC – Nepos uses it with the subjunctive.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # [[m|en|although]], though, however much.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(introducing a main clause)'' And yet, however, to be sure.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(with an adjective or participle)'' Albeit.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quam]]

+ * [[quamvīs]]

+ * [[etsī]]

+ * [[tametsī]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}