quoniam Latin · revision 17883

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 280–200 BC, Livius Andronicus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʷɔ.ni.ãː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkʷɔː.ni.am]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quoniam''' (+ ind)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a univerbation of [[cum|alt=quom]] “when” and [[iam]] “now”, “when now”; it has three syllables.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) Wiktionary notes that the change of ⟨m⟩ to ⟨n⟩ before ⟨i⟩ may reflect a sound law also proposed for [[veniō]], though Fortson disputes it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found in Livius Andronicus, still with a temporal sense: ''quoniam audīvī … gāvīsī'', “as soon as I heard … we rejoiced”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In early Latin ''quoniam'' is temporal, “as soon as, after”; it then combines time and cause, “now that, seeing that”, especially in transitions.^(OLD 2012) In the classical language it is causal, “since, inasmuch as”, and in poetry also “because”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Lewis and Short note that ''quoniam'' gives a ground or reason, while ''[[quod]]'' and ''[[quia]]'' give the determining cause.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Church Latin it also introduces what is said or known, “that”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 280–200 BC – Livius Andronicus uses it in the sense “as soon as”.^(OLD 2012)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''quid nunc, quoniam tēcum servāvī fidem …?'' “well now, since I have kept faith with you …?”^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 57/46–12 BC – Propertius: ''īrāscor quoniam es, lente, morātus herī'', “I am angry because you were slow yesterday”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # ''(early)'' As soon as, after.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Now that, seeing that.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # [[m|en|since]], inasmuch as, seeing that.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # [[m|en|because]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' That.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[cum]]

+ * [[iam]]

+ * [[quia]]

+ * [[quod]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}