existimo Latin · revision 17879

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=la aestimō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛkˈsiːs.tɪ.moː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [eɡˈzis.ti.mo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exīstimō''' (present infinitive exīstimāre, perfect active exīstimāvī, supine exīstimātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''existumō'', and an inscription has ''exaestum-''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|ex-|aestimō|t2=to value, estimate]], with the vowel weakened in the compound.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) The origin of the simple verb is uncertain: de Vaan finds the derivation from [[aes]] “bronze” and a word for “cut” not credible, and prefers a connection with [[ine-pro|*h₂eis-|t=to seek]], the root of [[aeruscō]] “to beg”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on:^(de Vaan 2008) ''neque quod dīxī floccī exīstimat'', “he doesn't care a straw for what I said”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ With a genitive of price ''exīstimāre'' means “to value, esteem” (''nūllam rem tantī exīstimāre'').^(OLD 2012) It then means “to judge, form an opinion of”, and with an accusative and infinitive “to think, suppose”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) In Church Latin it also means “to take account of”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ Its nouns are ''[[exīstimātiō]]'' “opinion, reputation” and ''[[exīstimātor]]'' “judge, critic”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – First found in Plautus, with a genitive of value.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''quālem tū mē esse hominem exīstumēs'', “what kind of man you think I am”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''nūllam rem tantī exīstimāssem'', “I would have valued nothing so highly”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # ''(with genitive of price)'' To [[m|en|value]], [[m|en|esteem]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # To judge, form an opinion of.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(with accusative and infinitive)'' To [[m|en|think]], suppose.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To take account of.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[existimabilis]]

+ * [[exīstimātiō]]

+ * [[exīstimātor]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[aestimō]]

+ * [[putō]]

+ * [[arbitror]]

+ * [[cēnseō]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein distinguishes ''[[aestimō|alt=aestimāre]]'', to estimate the exact value or price of something, from ''exīstimāre'', to judge it by its worth or truth;^(Döderlein 1874) Cicero sets ''exīstimātiō'', private opinion, against competent judgment (''iūdicium'').^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}