voluptas Latin · revision 17876

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *welp-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [wɔˈɫʊp.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [voˈlup.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''voluptās''' ''f'' (genitive voluptātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ The genitive plural is ''voluptātum'', also ''voluptātium'' in Cicero, Livy and Seneca.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|volup|-tās]], from the adverb “pleasantly”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives [[m|la|volup]] (Naevius ⟨volop⟩) from [[itc-pro|*we/olpi|t=hopefully]], perhaps the neuter of a PIE noun [[ine-pro|*welp-i-|t=hope, pleasure]], comparing [[grc|ἔλπομαι|tr=élpomai|t=to expect, hope]] and [[m|grc|ἐλπίς|tr=elpís|t=hope]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Hamp instead reconstructed a compound of the roots of [[volō]] “to want” and [[apīscor]] “to reach”, “attainment of one's wish”, for which de Vaan sees no evidence.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on:^(Köbler 2010) ''voluptās nūllast nāvitīs … maior'', “sailors have no greater pleasure …”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Voluptās'' is pleasure or delight of mind or senses, and as an endearment a person who gives joy (''voluptās mea'' “my darling”).^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Personified, ''Voluptās'' is Pleasure, painted on a tablet in Cicero.^(OLD 2012) In the plural it means organised pleasures, shows and entertainments, and it can mean sexual intercourse.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Church Latin it is pleasure and delight.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – First found in Plautus, also as an endearment: ''nē timē, voluptās mea''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses the plural of entertainments offered to voters.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of sexual pleasure.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|pleasure]], [[m|en|delight]], enjoyment.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(endearment)'' Joy, darling.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(personified)'' Pleasure.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(plural)'' Entertainments, shows.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Sexual intercourse.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[voluptābilis]]

+ * [[voluptārius]]

+ * [[voluptātīvus]]

+ * [[voluptificus]]

+ * [[voluptuōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[volup]]

+ * [[gaudium]]

+ * [[dēlectātiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}