haud Latin · revision 17872

+ {{infobox|confidence=uncertain|attested=c. 280–200 BC, Livius Andronicus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈhau̯d]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈau̯d]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''haud''' (also ''haut'', ''hau''; particle)^(OLD 2012)

+ ''Haut'' is found in Livius Andronicus and Naevius.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ ''Hau'' appears before consonants in Plautus and in an inscription (''hau pulcrum'').^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The origin is uncertain.^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008) Eichner reads ⟨hauelod⟩ on the Forum inscription as the ablative of an adjective ⟨*haued-o-⟩ “false, lacking”, which he derives from ⟨*gʰou̯-i-dʰó-⟩ and the root [[ine-pro|*gʰeu-|t=to hide]]; de Vaan calls this speculative.^(de Vaan 2008) It would then be related to [[sga|gáu|t=falsehood]] and [[cy|gau|t=lie, deceit]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Livius Andronicus on.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Haud'' is “not”, used above all to deny single words, especially adjectives and adverbs (''haud procul'' “not far”).^(OLD 2012) ''Haud scio an'' means “I do not know whether”, that is “perhaps”.^(OLD 2012) ''Haudquāquam'' means “by no means”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 280–200 BC – First found in Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the form ''hau'' before consonants.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus still uses ''hau''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|not]], by no means (negating single words);^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''haud scio an'', perhaps.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[hauddum]]

+ * [[haudquāquam]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[nōn]]

+ * [[nē]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ According to Leumann, as reported by de Vaan, ''haud'' was proclitic and changed with the following sound: ''haud aliter'' but ''haut temere''.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}