verum Latin · revision 17871

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *weh₁-ro-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈweː.rũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈvɛː.rum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''vērum''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the neuter of [[vērus]] “true”, used as a noun (“the truth”) and as an adverb; the conjunction grew out of ⟨vērum est⟩ “it is true” used in replies.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨vērus⟩ from [[itc-pro|*wēro-|t=true]], from [[ine-pro|*weh₁-ro-|t=true]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ Compare [[sga|fír|t=true]], [[cy|gwir|t=true]], [[goh|wār|t=true]] and [[cu|вѣра|tr=věra|t=faith]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The noun is found from Naevius on;^(Köbler 2010) Plautus uses the conjunction: ''nēquam homōst, vērum hercle amīcus est tibi'', “he is a rascal, but, by Hercules, he is your friend”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ As a noun ''vērum'' is the truth, reality, fact.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879) As a conjunction it first adds a qualification to what has been granted, “but at the same time”, and then means “but, however”; after a negative it is “but on the contrary”.^(OLD 2012) ''Nōn sōlum … vērum etiam'' is “not only … but also”, and ''vērum'' also breaks off a subject (“but enough of that”).^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) As an adverb it means “truly, even so, still”.^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ In Medieval Latin ''in vērum mittere'' meant “to establish on oath”.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – The noun is found in Naevius.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses the conjunction.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it to move on: ''vērum haec lūdōrum atque pompae'', “but that is for show and parade”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Conjunction===

+ # But at the same time.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|but]], however;^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''(after a negative)'' but on the contrary.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''nōn sōlum … vērum etiam'', not only … but also.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|truly]], indeed; even so, still.^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|truth]], reality, fact.^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' ''in vērum mittere'', to establish on oath.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[vērus]]

+ * [[vērō]]

+ * [[sed]]

+ * [[autem]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ The OLD and Köbler list a neuter ''verum'' with short ''e'' in Plautus, a form of ''[[verū]]'' “spit, javelin”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}