quisquis Latin · revision 17869

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=reduplication|attested=c. 280–200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *kʷis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʷɪs.kʷɪs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkʷis.kʷis]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quisquis''' ''m'' or f (indefinite, neuter quidquid or quicquid)^(Wiktionary)

+ Only ''quisquis'' and ''quidquid'' (''quicquid'') are in regular use; an inscription has ''quitquit'', and Varro the masculine ''quīquī''.^(OLD 2012)

+ Rare forms are ''quaeque'' and ''quodquod''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is the pronoun [[quis]] repeated, [[inh|itc-pro|*kʷiskʷis|t=whoever]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) Compare [[osc|pispis|t=whoever]] and [[hit|kuiškuiš|t=whoever]].^(OLD 2012)^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Livius Andronicus on;^(de Vaan 2008) Plautus has ''auctiōnem hīc faciam et vendam quidquid est'', “I'll hold an auction here and sell whatever there is”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Quisquis'' is an indefinite relative pronoun, “whoever, anyone who”, neuter ''quidquid'' “whatever, all that”.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) It can refer to something not yet identified (“whoever he may be”), and in parentheses means “no matter who” (''quisquis es'' “whoever you are”).^(OLD 2012) The neuter is also used adverbially, “to whatever extent”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ It also means “any single one” (like ''[[quisque]]''), and adjectivally “any … that” (''quisquis homō'').^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 280–200 BC – First found in Livius Andronicus.^(de Vaan 2008)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''adulēscēns, quisquis es'', “young man, whoever you are”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses it adjectivally, “any kind of”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of something mentioned before, “whichever it is”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # [[m|en|whoever]], anyone who;^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) ''(neuter)'' [[m|en|whatever]], all that.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Whoever he may be;^(OLD 2012) ''quisquis es'', whoever you are.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(neuter as adverb)'' To whatever extent.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Any single one, each.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ===Determiner===

+ # Any … that, whatever.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[cuicuimodi]]

+ * [[quōquōuersus]]

+ * [[quisquislibet]]

+ * [[ūnumquicquid]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quis]]

+ * [[quīcumque]]

+ * [[quisque]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}