auxilium Latin · revision 17865

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=204–169 BC, Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₂eug-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [au̯kˈsɪ.li.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [au̯kˈsiː.li.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''auxilium''' ''n'' (genitive auxiliī or auxilī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is related to [[augeō]] “to increase”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Ernout and Meillet, followed by de Vaan, take it as a back-formation from ⟨auxilia⟩, the neuter plural of an adjective ⟨*auxilis⟩, from [[itc-pro|*aug-s-ili-]], built on the ⟨s⟩-stem of the verb (as [[facilis]] on [[faciō]]).^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary) The verb goes back to [[ine-pro|*h₂eug-|t=to grow]]; compare [[grc|αὔξω|tr=aúxō|t=to increase]], [[got|𐌰𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽|tr=aukan|t=to increase]] and [[lt|áugti|t=to grow]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Ennius writes ''fer mī auxilium'', “bring me help”;^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010) Plautus has ''is auxilium ut feram'', “to bring them help”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Auxilium'' is help, aid, assistance, also a resource or a helper.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) In Roman law it is the protection given by the tribunes of the plebs.^(OLD 2012) In war it is a supporting force or reinforcements, and in the plural (''auxilia'') the auxiliary troops raised in the provinces, which became part of the regular army under the emperors.^(OLD 2012) In medicine it is relief, a remedy.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was the feudal aid a vassal owed his lord, including military and court service, and in a narrower sense the money payments the lord could demand in set cases.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''fer mī auxilium''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''is auxilium ut feram''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of the magistracy set up to give help (''auxiliī causā''), the tribunate.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid: ''vulneris auxilium Pēlias hasta tulit'', “the spear from Pelion brought help for the wound”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|help]], [[m|en|aid]], assistance.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # The protection of the tribunes.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A resource, a source of help.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(military)'' A supporting force;^(OLD 2012) ''(plural)'' reinforcements;^(OLD 2012) [[m|en|auxiliary]] troops.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(medicine)'' Relief, [[m|en|remedy]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' Feudal aid owed by a vassal;^(Niermeyer 1976) a payment due to a lord.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[auxiliares]]

+ * [[auxiliāris]]

+ * [[auxiliārius]]

+ * [[auxiliō]]

+ * [[auxilior]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[auxiliābundus]]

+ * [[auxiliātiō]]

+ * [[auxiliātor]]

+ * [[auxiliātrīx]]

+ * [[auxiliātus]]

+ * [[augeō]]

+ * [[auctor]]

+ * [[ops]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein says that ''auxilium'' and ''[[ops|alt=opem]] ferre'' imply someone in danger who is to be rescued, the helper acting as an ally, while ''[[iuvō|alt=iuvāre]]'' and ''[[adiuvō|alt=adiuvāre]]'' imply only someone who is helped to do something better or faster.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}