aurum Latin · revision 17864

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=inherited|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=ine-pro *h₂ews-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈau̯.rũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈaːu̯.rum]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''aurum''' ''n'' (genitive aurī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ A rustic form ''ōrum'' is recorded by Festus.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[inh|itc-pro|*auzom|t=gold]], from [[ine-pro|*h₂éwsom]] or a reduplicated ⟨*h₂é-h₂us-om⟩ “the glowing one”, from the root [[m|ine-pro|*h₂ews-|t=to dawn, glow]], as in [[aurōra]] “dawn”.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) The Sabine form ⟨ausum⟩ keeps the old ⟨s⟩, which became ⟨r⟩ in Latin.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ Cognate with [[prg|ausis|t=gold]] and [[lt|áuksas|t=gold]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(OLD 2012) [[xto|wäs|t=gold]] and [[txb|yasa|t=gold]] have been explained as borrowings from Uralic.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from the Twelve Tables on.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010) Ennius has ''ferrō, nōn aurō, vītam cernāmus utrīque'', “let us both decide for our lives with iron, not with gold”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Aurum'' is gold as a metal, and gold as wealth, treasure, money.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It is used for gilding and ornament and for things made of gold: rings, cups, a crown; in myth it is the Golden Fleece and the golden rain of Danaë.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It also means the colour or brightness of gold, and in poetry the Golden Age.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ The popular form ''ōrum'' lies behind [[it|oro]], [[es|oro]] and [[fr|or]].^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 450 BC – Used in the Twelve Tables.^(de Vaan 2008)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius: ''ferrō, nōn aurō''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''aurum turpī mulierī'', gold for an ugly woman.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero hears that there is neither gold nor silver in Britain.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of the Golden Fleece.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|gold]] (the metal).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Gold as wealth; [[m|en|treasure]], money.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Gold used for ornament, gilding.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Something made of gold: a ring, cup, crown.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # The Golden Fleece;^(OLD 2012) the golden rain of Danaë.^(OLD 2012)

+ # The colour or brightness of gold.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(poetic)'' The Golden Age.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[aurārius]]

+ * [[aureus]]

+ * [[aurifodīna]]

+ * [[auricoctor]]

+ * [[auricolor]]

+ * [[auricomāns]]

+ * [[auricomus]]

+ * [[aurifer]]

+ * [[aurifex]]

+ * [[aurifluus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[aurāria]]

+ * [[aurāta]]

+ * [[aurātilis]]

+ * [[aurātūra]]

+ * [[aurātus]]

+ * [[aureātus]]

+ * [[aureolus]]

+ * [[aurōra]]

+ * [[argentum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}