tunc Latin · revision 17861

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 280–200 BC, Livius Andronicus|origins=ine-pro *tóm}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtʊŋk]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtuŋk]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tunc''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[tum]] “then” and the deictic particle [[-ce]], Old Latin ⟨*tunce⟩, like [[nunc]] “now”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(de Vaan 2008) ⟨Tum⟩ continues [[ine-pro|*tóm]], the accusative of the demonstrative ⟨*só⟩.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Livius Andronicus;^(Köbler 2010) Plautus has ''nam tunc dentēs mihi cadēbant prīmulum'', “for then my teeth were first falling out”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Tunc'' means “then, at that time”, in the past, the future or in general, and in a supposed case “in that event”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''Iam tunc'' is “already then”.^(OLD 2012) In early and classical Latin it is more emphatic than ''[[tum]]'', especially against ''nunc'' or answering a ''cum'' clause; in Augustan verse it is used mainly before a vowel, and in later Latin the two words are hardly distinguished.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In New Latin it also means “therefore”.^(Wiktionary) Church Latin has ''ex tunc'' “from of old”.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 280–200 BC – First found in Livius Andronicus.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''nam tunc dentēs mihi cadēbant''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses ''iam tunc'', “already then”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 67–127 AD – Juvenal uses it of the future: ''sī vēr tunc erit'', “if it is spring by then”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # [[m|en|then]], at that time (past or future).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''iam tunc'', already then.^(OLD 2012)

+ # In that event, in that case.^(OLD 2012)

+ # From then on, thereupon.^(Wiktionary)

+ # ''(New Latin)'' [[m|en|therefore]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[etiamtunc]]

+ * [[dunc]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tum]]

+ * [[nunc]]

+ * [[cum]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}