caedes Latin · revision 17855

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *kh₂eyd-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkae̯.deːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈt͡ʃɛː.des]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''caedēs''' ''f'' (genitive caedis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Livy has a nominative ''caedis''.^(OLD 2012)

+ The genitive plural is usually ''caedium'';^(Lewis & Short 1879) Silius and Ammianus have ''caedum''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from [[caedō]] “to cut, strike, kill”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Köbler 2010) De Vaan derives the verb from [[itc-pro|*kaid-e/o-]], from [[ine-pro|*kh₂eyd-|t=to cut, hew]]; [[sq|qeth|t=to shave]] may be related.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler dates it from Cato.^(Köbler 2010) Cicero speaks of force ''sine caede, sine volnerātiōne, sine sanguine'', “without killing, wounding or bloodshed”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Caedēs'' is killing, slaughter, massacre and murder, and the killing of animals, especially in sacrifice.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) By metonymy it means the corpses of the slain and the blood shed, gore.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The older sense of the verb survives in “a cutting down” (of wood or hair) and, in law, “a beating”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – First found in Cato.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''sine caede, sine volnerātiōne''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus uses it of gore: ''Polyxeniā madefient caede sepulcra'', “the tomb will be wet with Polyxena's blood”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of sacrifice: ''multā caede bidentium''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 98–115 AD – Tacitus: ''plēnae caedibus viae'', “roads full of corpses”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # Killing, [[m|en|slaughter]], [[m|en|massacre]], [[m|en|murder]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # The slaughter of animals (in sacrifice).^(OLD 2012)

+ # The bodies of the slain.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Blood, [[m|en|gore]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A cutting down, lopping.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A beating.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[caedō]]

+ * [[caesim]]

+ * [[caesiō]]

+ * [[nex]]

+ * [[occīsiō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}