tribunus Latin · revision 17853

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=234–149 BC, Cato|origins=ine-pro *tri-dʰh₁-u-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [trɪˈbuː.nʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [triˈbuː.nus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''tribūnus''' ''m'' (genitive tribūnī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|tribus|-nus]], from the word for a division of the people, “tribe”; it first meant the head of a tribe.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) De Vaan, following Weiss, derives [[m|la|tribus]] from [[itc-pro|*triþu-|t=tripartite entity]], from [[ine-pro|*tri-dʰh₁-u-|t=tripartite division]], a “thing made in three”; compare Umbrian [[m|xum|trifu|t=district]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Cato speaks of the pay a soldier received ''ā tribūnō aerāriō'', “from the paymaster”.^(OLD 2012) An old inscription has ''tribūnos mīlitāre'' (military tribune).^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates it from Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ In early Rome the ''tribūnus'' commanded the troops each tribe supplied (''tribūnus celerum'' was the commander of the cavalry).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) The title then went to several offices: the military tribunes with consular power who replaced the consuls between 445 and 367 BC; the six senior officers of a legion (''tribūnus mīlitum''); officers of the urban and praetorian cohorts; the ''tribūnī aerāriī'', who collected the war tax and paid the army; and above all the tribunes of the plebs, first appointed by tradition in 494 BC to protect the plebeians.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Towns and associations also had tribunes.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ In Medieval Latin it was a city police officer under a count, or the same as a ''vicārius'' or ''centēnārius''.^(Niermeyer 1976) English [[m|en|tribune]] is recorded from the late 14th century.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 234–149 BC – Cato uses ''tribūnus aerārius''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of the tribunes of the plebs vetoing the consuls' law.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy writes of the ''tribūnus celerum'' and of military tribunes with consular power.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English [[m|en|tribune]].^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(early Rome)'' The commander of a tribe's troops;^(OLD 2012) ''tribūnus celerum'', the commander of the cavalry.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A military [[m|en|tribune]] (with consular power, 445–367 BC);^(OLD 2012) one of the six senior officers of a legion.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An officer of the urban or praetorian cohorts.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''tribūnus aerārius'', a paymaster; later a member of a class of judges.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''tribūnus plēbis'', a tribune of the [[m|en|plebs]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # An official of a town or association.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A chief, commander.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A city police officer under a count.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[tribūnāle]]

+ * [[tribūnātus]]

+ * [[tribūnicius]]

+ * [[tribūnal]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[tribus]]

+ * [[tribuō]]

+ * [[en|tribune]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}