multum Latin · revision 17851

18 Oct 2026, 19:13 by bogdan “Latin la10k batch la75b-08”
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 450 BC, Twelve Tables|origins=itc-pro *molto-}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈmʊɫ.tũː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈmul.tum]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''multum''' (comparative plūs, superlative plūrimum)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is the neuter of [[multus]] “much, many”, used as a noun and as an adverb.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan derives ⟨multus⟩ from [[itc-pro|*molto-]] and compares [[grc|μάλα|tr=mála|t=very]], but calls the further etymology weak.^(de Vaan 2008)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Köbler dates it from the Twelve Tables;^(Köbler 2010) Plautus has ''multum amō tē'', “I love you very much”.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ As a noun ''multum'' is “much, a large amount”, especially with a partitive genitive.^(OLD 2012) As an adverb it means “greatly, much” with verbs, “very” with adjectives (''vir multum bonus'' “a very good man”), and “far, by much” with comparatives, like ''[[multō]]''.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) ''Ut multum'' means “at most”.^(OLD 2012) Its comparative is ''[[plūs]]'' and its superlative ''[[plūrimum]]''.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 450 BC – Used in the Twelve Tables.^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''mulier, multum et audāx et mala's'', “woman, you are very bold and wicked”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero: ''vir multum bonus''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Adverb===
+ # [[m|en|much]], greatly, a lot.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)
+ # ''(with adjectives)'' [[m|en|very]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ # ''(with comparatives)'' Far, by much.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''ut multum'', at most.^(OLD 2012)
+ # Long, often.^(Stelten 1995)
+ 
+ ===Noun===
+ # Much, a large amount.^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[multipotens]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[multus]]
+ * [[multō]]
+ * [[plūs]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Döderlein says that ''[[valdē]]'', ''[[admodum]]'' and ''multum'' simply strengthen a word, while ''[[perquam]]'' expresses an extraordinary degree with a note of astonishment.^(Döderlein 1874)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}