quicumque Latin · revision 17848

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kʷiːˈkʊŋ.kʷɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kʷiˈkum.kʷe]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''quīcumque''' (feminine quaecumque, neuter quodcumque); relative pronoun with an indeclinable portion^(Wiktionary)

+ It is also spelled ''-cunque'' and ''-quomque'', and declines like ''quī''.^(OLD 2012)

+ An old nominative plural is ''quēscumque''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)

+ The parts can be separated: Terence has ''cum quibus erat cumque ūnā'', and Cicero ''quam sē cumque in partem''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed from the relative [[quī]] and the generalizing suffix [[-cumque]] “-ever”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) The spelling ⟨quīcunque⟩ reflects the assimilated pronunciation.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Quīcumque'' means “whoever, whatever”: as a relative “who … at any time”, generalizing “anyone who, anything that”, and in parentheses “no matter who or what” (''quodcumque accidit'' “whatever happens”).^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995) As an indefinite it means “anyone whatever”, and as an adjective “any — that, whatever —”, “any at all”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It can also introduce an indirect question.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – First found in Plautus.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence separates the parts: ''cum quibus erat cumque ūnā''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 86–34 BC – Sallust: ''plēbēs, quodcumque accidit, prō victīs est'', “whatever happens, the common people count as the defeated”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 40–102/103 AD – Martial uses it as an indefinite: ''nōn quīcumque capit'', “not just anyone who receives”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Pronoun===

+ # [[m|en|whoever]], [[m|en|whatever]], anyone who, anything that.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # No matter who, no matter what.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Anyone whatever, anything whatever.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Determiner===

+ # Whatever —, any — that.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Any at all, any whatever.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[quī]]

+ * [[quisquis]]

+ * [[cumque]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}