usque Latin · revision 17846

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=compound|attested=c. 235–200 BC, Naevius|origins=ine-pro *úd}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈʊs.kʷɛ]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈus.kʷe]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''usque''' (not comparable)^(Wiktionary)

+ A Pompeian inscription has ''usce''; with ''-ne'' it becomes ''usquine'' in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is probably [[inh|itc-pro|*ūskʷe]], [[inh|ine-pro|*úds-kʷe]], from the genitive of [[m|ine-pro|*úd|t=out, up]] and the particle [[m|ine-pro|*-kʷe|t=and]], formed like [[absque]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) Compare [[sa|उच्चा|tr=uccā́|t=above]] and [[ae|usča|t=upwards]].^(Wiktionary)

+

+ Lewis and Short derived it instead from [[ubi]] with a locative ⟨s⟩ and ⟨-que⟩.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Naevius on:^(Köbler 2010) ''dictātor … pervehitur usque ad oppidum'', “the dictator rides all the way to the town”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Usque'' marks a limit reached all the way: in space “right up to, as far as” (''usque ad'', with town names ''Mīlētum usque''), in time “right until” (''usque dum'', ''usque dōnec''), and in a series “from … up to”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) It marks degree, “to the point of” (''usque adeō'' “to such an extent”), and ''usque … ut'' “so far that”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ Without a limit it means “continually, constantly, all the time”, and also “thoroughly, completely”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995) In later Latin it is a preposition with the accusative, “until, up to”.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 235–200 BC – Naevius: ''usque ad oppidum''.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: ''ībō odōrāns quasi canis vēnāticus usque dōnec persecūtus vulpem erō'', “I'll go sniffing like a hunting dog until I've tracked down the fox”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence: ''Mīlētum usque'', “as far as Miletus”.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adverb===

+ # All the way (to), right up (to), as far (as).^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(of time)'' Right until;^(OLD 2012) ''usque dum'', ''usque dōnec'', until.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''usque adeō'', to such an extent.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|constantly]], continually.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # Thoroughly, completely.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ===Preposition===

+ # ''(with accusative)'' [[m|en|until]], up to.^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[abusque]]

+ * [[adusque]]

+ * [[usquequāque]]

+ * [[eōusque]]

+ * [[hōcusque]]

+ * [[nuncusque]]

+ * [[quousque]]

+ * [[hūcusque]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[absque]]

+ * [[semper]]

+ * [[usquam]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Döderlein contrasts ''[[semper]]'', “always” without limit, with ''usque'', “always” within a limit, as in ''usque dum''.^(Döderlein 1874)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}