praesidium Latin · revision 17839

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=c. 250–184 BC, Plautus|origins=ine-pro *sed-}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''praesidium''' ''n'' (genitive praesidiī or praesidī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is formed [[af|la|praeses|-ium]], from the word for “guardian, one who sits in front”, or from the verb [[praesideō]] “to sit before, protect”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)^(Etymonline) The verb is [[m|la|prae-]] with [[sedeō]] “to sit”, from [[ine-pro|*sed-|t=to sit]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ It is found from Plautus on:^(Köbler 2010) ''marsuppium habeat, ibi paullum praesidī'', “let him have a purse with a little protection in it”.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ ''Praesidium'' is first protection, defence, and help or aid of any kind.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) In military use it is garrison duty (''praesidium agitāre'' “to stand guard”), the garrison, guard or escort itself, and a fortified post.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ In Church Latin it also means presidency.^(Stelten 1995) In Medieval Latin it meant a castle and, in a different sense, movable goods.^(Niermeyer 1976) Through Spanish it gave American English [[m|en|presidio]] (1808), and through Russian [[m|en|presidium]] (1924).^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – First found in Plautus.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero speaks of a man posted ''in praesidiō'', on guard.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1808 – American English [[m|en|presidio]], through Spanish.^(Etymonline)

+ * 1924 – English [[m|en|presidium]], through Russian.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|protection]], defence.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Help, [[m|en|aid]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # Garrison duty;^(OLD 2012) ''praesidium agitāre'', to stand guard.^(OLD 2012)

+ # A [[m|en|garrison]], guard, [[m|en|escort]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+ # A fortified post, stronghold.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' Presidency.^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A castle;^(Niermeyer 1976) movable goods.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[praesidiārius]]

+ * [[praesidiolum]]

+ * [[praesidior]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[praeses]]

+ * [[praesideō]]

+ * [[sedeō]]

+ * [[en|presidium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}